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With the advent of the era of accurate medical treatment,molecular targeted therapy has become a new trend of cancer treatment.The abnormal status of cancer metabolism and metabolic drug together with tumor targeted therapy are becoming the hotspot in cancer.A large number of studies have shown that metformin,a targeted metabolic drug,has synergistic anti-tumor effects when it is used in combination with various target drugs.The combination of targeted metabolic drugs and anti-tumor drugs can provide new strategies for tumor treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the relationship of heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and chemotherapy sensitivity.@*Methods@#Five different region specimens isolated from primary tumor(R1~R5)and 1 specimen(R6)isolated from adjacent non-neoplastic tissue from 10 ESCC patients who underwent surgical treatment were cultured in vitro. The inhibitory effect of cisplatin on proliferation of ESCC cells from different regions was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). The cell cycle and apoptosis induced by cisplatin was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. The mRNA levels of ATP7A and ATP7B were determined by quantitive RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).@*Results@#The result showed that different regions of each specimen exhibited different chemotherapy sensitivity to cisplatin, and the cell survival rates of region R6 of each specimen were higher than other regions from the same specimen. The cell survival rate of region R3 from the tenth specimen was (81.42±8.84)%, which is significantly higher than (11.90±2.75)% of region R5 (P<0.01). FCM analysis showed that significant differences of early apoptosis and later apoptosis were observed in six specimens induced by cisplatin (P<0.05), and significant differences of cell cycle and G1 period were observed in seven specimens (P<0.05). The qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA level of ATP7A in region R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 was (100.00±3.42)%, (118.10±2.21)%, (75.40±4.15)%, (95.40±3.32)% and (41.70±2.57)%, respectively, with significant differences (P<0.05). The mRNA level of ATP7A in region R6 was (175.20±5.32)%, significantly higher than those of regions from R1 to R5 (P<0.05). The mRNA level of ATP7B in region R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 was (100.00±4.89)%, (73.60±2.65)%, (175.60±6.12)%, (46.10±4.62)% and (363.70±8.67)%, respectively, with significant differences (P<0.05). The mRNA level of ATP7B in region R6 was (1 165.40±7.25)%, significantly higher than those of regions from R1 to R5 (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The intratumor heterogeneity of ESCC results in the heterogeneity of resistance to cisplatin, which affects the chemotherapeutic effect.
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Objective To summarize the technical measures in achieving the elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Tengzhou city. . Methods. To collect and analyze the materials on research and control of lymphatic filariasis in Tengzhou city during the disease elimination program over the 40 years.. Results . Following to the national criteria for the control and elimination of filariasis, efforts were made for epidemiological investigation, mass blood examination, and mass drug administration by taking diethylcarbamazine (DEC) medicated salt for the whole population. After the criteria of transmission interruption (basic elimination) of filariasis were met in 1974, re-examination and treatment for the cases with microfilaremia, and parasitological and entomological surveillance were conducted. In 1995, filariasis elimination in the whole city was declared. . Conclusion . Comprehensive measures focusing on the elimination of source of infection were proved effective for interrupting the transmission of filariasis. Unremitting surveillance was necessary for achieving the goal of elimination of filariasis.